Organotin antifouling paints and their alternatives

摘要: Tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds have excellent biocidal properties almost all vessels in the world used these paints since early 1960s. Contrary to expectation, as shown by experimental data at beginning of organotin chemistry, triorganotins are exceptionally stable sediment or dark places deep sea. Since do not decompose rapidly seawater, many incidences deformities some shellfish been linked their presence, even when present extremely low concentrations. Alternative tin-free antifoulants containing other biocides, such copper organic compounds, developed late 1980s. Some nations already banned use antifouling for small vessels, 2001 International Maritime Organization decided ban completely from year 2003. Therefore, it is necessary find economically environmentally better substances soon possible. Moreover, development safe natural products, fouling release coatings, electroconductive etc. long anticipated new point conservation marine environment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.