Physical and Chemical Mechanisms of Ultrasound in Biofuel Synthesis

摘要: Physical and chemical mechanisms ultrasound-assisted processes as related to the synthesis of biofuels are reviewed. Ultrasound its secondary effect cavitation have physical effects on a reaction system, which can contribute enhancement kinetics yield. In this chapter, mechanistic insight into ultrasound assisted is given by coupling simulations bubble dynamics with experimental data. The through intense micro-convection in system that gives marked improvements mass transfer system. generation highly reactive radicals transient induce or accelerate reactions. Chemical include thermal decomposition solvent vapor molecules resulting smaller molecular species also affect chemistry process. Raising static pressure above amplitude helps discriminate between cavitation. Biofuels systems considered chapter pretreatment biomass, biodiesel acid/base homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts, extraction microalgal lipids, bioconversion crude glycerol from industry value added products desulfurization fuel. Among cavitation, micro-streaming has greater influence reactions than shock waves generated bubbles. some cases, revealed adverse reaction. Many limited their intrinsic characteristics restrict