Management of Bladder Cancer, Role of Chemotherapy and Controversies Surrounding Its Application

摘要: Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by a tendency for early metastasis. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) chemosensitive with significant response rates to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens. Cisplatin-based regimens have been effective in improving survival the neoadjuvant setting prior cystectomy and patients metastatic disease are established standards of care. Definitive trials support use lacking immediate postoperative setting. Utilization cisplatin often difficult these because inadequate renal function, advanced age, poor performance status other comorbidities such as cardiac dysfunction; however, there limited data non-cisplatin There no therapies who ineligible cisplatin, fail respond chemotherapy, recur soon after perioperative or progress on first-line result, urgent clinical needed address this gap information. Although biomarkers lacking, pathologic complete at following appears be surrogate improved survival.