Value of demand flexibility on spot and reserve electricity markets in future power system with increased shares of variable renewable energy

摘要: Abstract The growing share of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation and the reduction in conventional power plant capacity creates challenges for system operation. Increased variability production causes increased reserve requirements while number providers is reduced. For this reasons, systems' flexibility a major topic research nowadays, electricity demand considered one most valuable sources. This paper analyzes impacts participation spot markets German 2030. We model dispatch with without using partial equilibrium linear programming model, BalmoREG, to quantify cost reserves, value flexibility, optimal allocation between market market. find that costs providing reserves add 0.6–8.6% total 2030 system. According sensitivity studies, provision increases substantially reduced baseload shares or VRE shares, transmission opportunities neighboring countries reduce cost. modelled price especially sensitive addition situations either very high low production.