The role of epidemiological knowledge and grazing management for helminth control in small ruminants.

摘要: There is no single requirement more crucial to the rational and sustainable control of helminth parasites in grazing animals than a comprehensive knowledge epidemiology parasite as it interacts with host specific climatic, management production environment. In its absence, anthelmintic treatment either given suppressively, which provokes resistance, or therapeutically, risks clinical disease losses. Sustainable parasite-control programmes require seasonal larval availability, origin larvae contributing any peaks climatic requirements for worm egg hatching, development survival. Control measures based on this include strategic treatments various forms management. While these can reduce frequency required, their effect selection drench resistance problematical, unless they be combined other our current dependence anthelmintics.