Fishing livelihoods as key to marine protected areas: insights from the World Parks Congress

摘要: Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a widely used tool for marine conservation and fisheries management. In coastal areas, it has clear that the success of MPAs, achievement sustainable fishery production, requires combination effective management frameworks, maintenance decent livelihoods, governance system allows participation communities, fishing people, other ocean users in considering, designing implementing MPAs. These ingredients are crucial to provide social sustainability needed achieve ecological sustainability, particular, reconcile objectives, light United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Aichi targets Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Since its inception 1962, series World Parks Congresses (WPC) focused both terrestrial domains. The 2014 WPC Sydney reinforced apparent movement, started at Durban 2003, towards recognition economic issues related including importance food security nature interactions between MPAs fisheries. Many discussions these human dimensions need incorporate them into MPA decision-making. This article examines process outcomes WPC, with emphasis role people (in fishers) conservation, particularly doing so, producing Statement end as component final ‘Promise Sydney’ declaration. That led range concerns (i) over transparency inclusiveness statement's development, (ii) content representation conclusions, advocacy specific target no-take areas. focuses potential strategies moving constructively beyond still existing tensions environment- people-focused development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.