Profile of PAHs in the inhalable particulate fraction: source apportionment and associated health risks in a tropical megacity.
作者： Sayantan Sarkar , P. S. Khillare
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-012-2626-9
关键词: Inhalation exposure 、 Cancer risk assessment 、 Environmental chemistry 、 Environmental science 、 Coal combustion products 、 Megacity 、 Fraction (chemistry) 、 Vehicular Emissions 、 Seasonality 、 Particulates
摘要: The present study proposed to investigate the atmospheric distribution, sources, and inhalation health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical megacity (Delhi, India). To this end, 16 US EPA priority PAHs were measured inhalable fraction particles (PM10; aerodynamic diameter, ≤10 μm) collected weekly at three residential areas Delhi from December 2008 November 2009. Mean annual 24 h PM10 levels sites (166.5–192.3 μg m−3) eight ten times WHO limit. Weekday/weekend effects on associated investigated. Σ16PAH concentrations (sum analyzed; overall mean, 105.3 ng m−3; range, 10.5–511.9 observed least an order magnitude greater than values reported European cities. Spatial variations influenced by nearness traffic thermal power plants while seasonal variation trends showed highest winter. Associations between Σ16PAHs various meteorological parameters PAH profile was dominated combustion-derived large-ring species (85–87 %) that essentially local origin. Carcinogenic contributed 58–62 % loads sites. Molecular diagnostic ratios used for preliminary assessment sources. Principal component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression-identified vehicular emissions as predominant source (62–83 %), followed coal combustion (18–19 fuel use (19 industrial (16 %). Spatio-temporal time-evolution contributions studied. Inhalation cancer risk maximum 39,780 excess cases might occur due lifetime exposure analyzed concentrations.
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