Ancient genomes reveal early Andean farmers selected common beans while preserving diversity

摘要: Abstract All crops are the product of a domestication process that started less than 12,000 years ago from one or more wild populations [1, 2]. Farmers selected desirable phenotypic traits, such as improved energy accumulation, palatability seeds reduced natural shattering [3], while leading domesticated through several gradual demographic contractions [2, 4]. As consequence, erosion genetic variation [5] is typical modern cultivars making them highly susceptible to pathogens, pests and environmental change [6,7]. The loss diversity hampers further crop improvement programs increase food production in changing world, posing serious threats security [8,9]. Using both ancient seeds, we analyzed temporal dynamic selection during common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) occurred Southern Andes. Here show most domestic traits were for prior 2,500 ago, with no only minor whole-genome variation. In fact, i) all genomes dated between 600 variable - at least genome wild; observe therefore recent last centuries; ii) majority changes coding genes differentiate already present here. Considering likely controlled by multiple polymorphic [10], explanation this decoupling genomic early farmers applied relatively weak pressure [2] using many phenotypically similar but genomically diverse individuals breeders. Selection strategies few centuries probably sustainable produced improvements focusing on plants carrying interest, cost marked erosion.