Negative Campaigning in Western Europe: Similar or Different?

作者: Annemarie S. Walter

DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.12084

关键词: Political economyPolitical scienceWestern europePoliticsNegative campaigningLawSociology and Political Science

摘要: This article describes how political parties in parliamentary election campaigns Western Europe make use of negative campaigning and examines whether their behaviour differs from that candida...

参考文章(39)
Thomas Poguntke, Paul Webb, The Presidentialization of Politics Oxford University Press. ,(2005) , 10.1093/0199252017.001.0001
Kees Brants, Philip van Praag, Walther Kok, De strijd om de kiezersgunst : verkiezingscampagnes in Nederland Uitgeverij Kobra. ,(1982)
Peter Mair, Wolfgang C Müller, Fritz Plasser, None, Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets ,(2004)
Shaun Bowler, David M. Farrell, Electoral Strategies and Political Marketing ,(1992)
Karlheinz Reif, Hermann Schmitt, Pippa Norris, Second–order elections European Journal of Political Research. ,vol. 31, pp. 109- 124 ,(1997) , 10.1111/1475-6765.00308
Stuart H. Surlin, Thomas F. Gordon, How Values Affect Attitudes Toward Direct Reference Political Advertising Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. ,vol. 54, pp. 89- 98 ,(1977) , 10.1177/107769907705400113