A novel screening tool for the health risk in recreational waters near estuary: The Carrying Capacity indicator.

摘要: The present study aims to provide a conceptual framework help practitioners improve the quality of recreational waters near estuary, which may be affected by untreated wastewater from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs). When CSOs are activated, concentration bacteria (e.g., Enterococci and E. coli) in estuary increases, thereby resulting potential health threat swimmers. Here, bacterial exposure is evaluated using physically-based stochastic model for contaminant transport, while human risk determined Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). Based on framework, we quantify Carrying Capacity (CC) water body. Such an indicator defined as number swimming individuals that can sustained beach resort with acceptable threshold. CC increases dilution processes reduction source concentration, turn depends improvements sewage system. presented approach useful screening tool policy-makers other stakeholders, providing solution trade-off between economic development sustainable ecosystem coastal areas.