How a songbird with a continuous singing style modulates its song when territorially challenged

摘要: In songbirds of the temperate zone, often only males sing and their songs serve to attract females deter territorial rivals. many species, vary certain aspects singing behavior when engaged in interactions. Such variation may be an honest signal traits signaler, such as fighting strength, condition, or aggressive motivation, used by receivers decisions on whether retreat escalate a fight. This has been studied intensively species that discontinuously, which are alternating with silent pauses. We contextual song skylarks (Alauda arvensis), songbird large vocal repertoire continuous versatile style. exposed subjects simulated intrusions broadcasting conspecific recorded responses. found differently if they spontaneously no other around than territorially challenged. this last case, produced lower-frequency syllables. Furthermore, increased sound density song: proportion within song. They seem do so different elements reactively. consistency mean peak frequency: repeated syllable types less variability suggests might use low frequencies, density, indicate competitive potential, thus, those features important for mutual assessment abilities.