Tamm review: Sampling to estimate the frequency distribution of tree diameters or ages across large forest areas

摘要: Abstract A simulation study examined what sampling methods might be appropriate in a forest inventory to estimate the frequency distribution of tree stem diameters or ages across population that covers large area. It reviews efficacy such inventories done aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forests southwestern USA and uses them as particular example. range distributions spatial arrangements landscape were simulated an attempt cover wide possible circumstances. Three methods, fixed-area plot, k-tree individual-tree all yielded unbiased estimates ages. Point also gave diameter distribution, but with increasingly poorer precision declined. biased because it determines probability inclusion sample using square its diameter, rather than age; exist sometimes overcome this limitation, they require complex methodology. The results should apply equally characteristics other age, height, severity disease, suitability for bird roosting level seed production.