Computing the various pathways of penicillin synthesis and their molar yields.

摘要: More than 80 years after its discovery, penicillin is still a widely used and commercially highly important antibiotic. Here, we analyse the metabolic network of synthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum based on concept elementary flux modes. In particular, consider invariant molecular core various subtypes two major ways incorporating sulfur: transsulfuration direct sulfhydrylation. 66 modes producing this are obtained. These show four different yields with respect to glucose, notably ½, 2/5, 1/3, 2/7, highest yield ½ occurring only when sulfhydrylation α-aminoadipate completely recycled. case no recycling intermediate, find maximum be 2/7. We compare these values earlier literature values. Our analysis provides systematic overview redundancy detailed insight into corresponding routes. Moreover, derive suggestions for potential knockouts that could increase average yield. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 173–181. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.