Traditional knowledge of fire use by the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in the eastside Cascades of Oregon

摘要: Abstract We examined traditional knowledge of fire use by the Ichishikin (Sahaptin), Kitsht Wasco (Wasco), and Numu (Northern Paiute) peoples (now Confederated Tribes Warm Springs, CTWS) in eastside Cascades Oregon to generate insights for restoring conifer forest landscapes enhancing culturally-valued resources. qualitative geospatial data derived from oral history interviews, participatory GIS focus groups, archival records, historical surveys characterize cultural regimes (CFRs) –an element regimes– moist mixed (MMC), dry (DMC), shrub-grassland (SG) zones. Our ethnohistorical evidence indicated a pronounced regime MMC zone, but not two drier The CFR zone was characterized frequent (few-year recurrence), low-severity burns distributed shifting pattern. This helped maintain openings created previous ignitions, resulting lightning or possibly human-set, that had burned large areas. influenced CTWS system, which consisted four elements: associated resource tending practices, tribal ecological principles, seasonal round (the migratory pattern fulfill needs), culture. Thinleaf huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum), keystone species, occurs primarily principle peoples. Fire deployed shrub productivity site access harvesting. Cessation ∼1940 has caused decline throughout much harvest zone. findings about scale show how nested, multi-level framework (patch- landscape-levels) may be employed reintroduce thereby promote restoration enhance also highlight utility engaging communities hold management planning process.