Language Policy: Two monolingual polities – Iceland and France

摘要: TOWARDS PARSIMONY Scholarly study of language policy started at the level state. In particular, early scholarship concentrated on problems faced by nation states when they were first gaining independence, whether during spread national autonomy in nineteenth-century European countries, such as discussed Haugen's classic (1966a) development for Norway, or post-First World War Europe with new nations created Treaty Versailles and their efforts to achieve standard languages through cultivation, rapid burst independence following collapse European-based empires after Second War, currently produced breakup Soviet Union. Each these periods had different characteristics. Nationalism, its search identity Great Traditions, was a strong motivator management nineteenth century. Both French Revolution German Romanticism held view nationalism that assumed single unifying best definition protector nationhood. Choosing an appropriate purifying it foreign influences major activity. These ideas still First but powers newly established Turkish Austro-Hungarian would be happy take international alongside cultivation vernacular languages.