Brain basis of childhood speech and language disorders: are we closer to clinically meaningful MRI markers?

摘要: Purpose of review Developmental speech and language disorders are common, seen in one 20 preschool children, the absence frank neurological deficits or intellectual impairment. They a key reason parents seek help from paediatricians. Complex neurogenetic environmental contributions underpin disorders, yet few specific causes known. With advent quantitative brain imaging, growing number studies have investigated neural contributions. Here, we discuss current MRI approaches recent findings (January 2014-June 2016) field. Recent Five relevant were identified (n = 3 - disorder n 2 disorder). Significant variability heterogeneity participant phenotypes was seen. Children with had structural functional anomalies left supramarginal gyrus posterior cerebellum bilaterally regions critical for sensory-motor integration feedback. showed increased mean radial diffusivity arcuate fasciculus, although widespread cortical subcortical network implicated. Summary Limited evidence exists regional this population. prognostic markers ability not currently available at an individual level. Further work is required to disentangle neurobiological affected children.