Exploring the Effect of Increased Energy Density on the Environmental Impacts of Traction Batteries: A Comparison of Energy Optimized Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Mobility Applications

摘要: The quest towards increasing the energy density of traction battery technologies has led to emergence and diversification materials. lithium sulfur (LSB) is in this regard a promising material for batteries due its specific energy. However, low volumetric density, LSB faces challenges mobility applications such as electric vehicles but also other transportation modes. To understand potential environmental implication batteries, comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed. For study, electrodes both an NMC111 with anode graphite cell metal foil were manufactured. Data from disassembly experiments performed on real system mid-size passenger vehicle used build required life cycle inventory. consumption during use phase calculated using simulative approach. A set thirteen impact categories evaluated characterized ReCiPe methodology. results LCA study allow identification main sources problems well possible strategies improve batteries. In regard, high requirements N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) processing cathode thickness identified most important drivers. We make recommendations necessary further research order broaden understanding concerning implementation applications.