Drifting and dispersal of small bivalves and gastropods with direct development

摘要: Quantitative evidence that several marine benthic invertebrates lacking a planktonic larval stage disperse as juveniles and small adults by drifting in the water column has been obtained using off-bottom intertidal collectors. These collectors were mimics of habitat commonly used molluscs seaweed communities: red turf algae. Taxa caught include three brooding bivalves [Musculus sp., Lasaea Transennella tantilla (Gould, 1853)] gastropods produce egg capsules crawl-away (Barleeia spp.). Dispersal is accomplished juveniles—and even sexually mature case small-sized species — with currents mucous threads at least some taxa found. Some these have also placed away from shore, middle bay. Findings indicate that, contrary to what suggested their mode development, alternative likely effective dispersal mechanisms (at local scale). It probable frequent excursions enhance rafting opportunities, which turn may favor long distance dispersal. Large numbers other whose life cycles results, coupled those previous studies, show postmetamorphic common feature history ecology many gastropods, regardless development.