Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring

摘要: Mixing and heat flux rates collected in the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard during N-ICE2015 drift expedition are presented. The observations cover deep Nansen Basin, continental slope, shallow Yermak Plateau from winter to summer. Mean quiescent values 2 W m−2 at ice-ocean interface, 3 pycnocline, 1 below pycnocline. Large fluxes exceeding 300 observed late spring close surface over Plateau. data consisting 588 microstructure profiles 50 days high-resolution under-ice turbulence measurements used quantify impact several forcing factors on turbulent dissipation rates. Wind increases seven times upper m, doubles interface. presence warm Atlantic Water temperature gradient water column, leading enhanced within Steep topography consistently enhances by a factor four episodically depth. It is, however, combination storms that leads highest observed: interface average 100 peak events associated with rapid basal sea ice melt, reaching 25 cm/d.