Seepage from earthern animal waste ponds and lagoons--an overview of research results and state regulations

摘要: Wastewater seepage from earthen animal waste lagoons and storage ponds can contaminate groundwater with nutrients pathogens. For almost 30 years, the subject has been focus of laboratory field research projects designed to (1) measure if how much leak, (2) determine different soil types affect seepage rates, (3) evaluate magnitudes mechanisms sealing waste. In this article we present a research review performed researchers have attempted answer these questions well they have answered. We discuss weaknesses in body knowledge further educational needs. also a 14 state regulations assess compare states govern from ponds lagoons. Six regulate maximum allowable rate (values ranging from 0.042 0.63 cm/day) while another six hydraulic conductivity liners (values ranging 0.086 0.0086 cm/day). The two remaining neither. results and regulatory demonstrate that there is still be learned about lagoons. We suggest risk-based approach regulating may appropriate future.