The Cervical Vertebrae of KSD-VP-1/1

摘要: A series of six partial cervical vertebrae were recovered in association with the KSD-VP-1/1 postcranial remains from C2 axis to C7 vertebral level, representing oldest adult column known hominin fossil record. The this large male australopith are more derived than those its smaller female counterparts, and as a whole, present biomechanical enthesopathological signature typical dynamic vertical loading regime orthograde humans. Differences between humans observed most cranial levels appear have insignificant functional implications, likely developmental reciprocates morphogenesis. Despite their antiquity, produce surprisingly human-like kinematic signal, highly mobile neck, head carriage consistent habitual upright posture bipedalism, spinal cord dimensions similar that modern