Tolerance to herbivory, and not resistance, may explain differential success of invasive, naturalized, and native North American temperate vines

摘要: Numerous hypotheses suggest that natural enemies can influence the dynamics of biological invasions. Here, we use a group 12 related native, invasive, and naturalized vines to test relative importance resistance tolerance herbivory in promoting In field experiment Long Island, New York, excluded mammal insect herbivores examined plant growth foliar damage over two growing seasons. This novel approach allowed us compare from whether rates were invasion. greenhouse experiment, simulated through clipping measured response. After seasons excluding herbivores, there was no difference among naturalized, native woody vines, all susceptible herbivores. Thus, differential attack by did not explain invasion success these species. field, where high, none able fully compensate for mammals. However, greenhouse, found invasive more tolerant than relatives. Our results indicate are escaping range, rather they persisting despite high herbivore field. While most studies plants have focused on resistance, this work suggests may also play large role facilitating