Hacker science versus closed science: building environmental monitoring infrastructure

摘要: The Fukushima Daiichi accident in March 2011 created a need by both public agencies and citizens for data on the levels of radionuclide contamination across Japan. In response to this two systems emerged collect radiation using mobile sensors publish it internet: KURAMA, developed Kyoto University, Safecast, an ad hoc group volunteers with their roots hacker community. Where KURAMA followed conventional closed innovation model, Safecast used open-source components generate freely available open within community heterogeneous expertise. By drawing epistemic foundations source movements, artefacts sensor network procedures producing reliable accepted measurements. Both approaches resulted rapid development able build maps, but was system at lower cost enrolling volunteers, gaini...