A re-examination of Tuta absoluta parasitoids in South America for optimized biological control

摘要: We conducted a review of published information on Tuta absoluta parasitoids for the Neotropical region to (1) corroborate species records, (2) analyze associations including T. absoluta, other insect and plant hosts (3) identify research directions enhancing their use as biological control agents. The literature shows more than 50 or morphospecies Hymenoptera associated with but less half (23) could be confirmed parasitizing absoluta. Erroneous reports invalid names species, two new records were found. Over 100 pests non-economically important cultivated non-cultivated plants directly indirectly interact in region. Four parasitoid include host range predatory insects act hyperparasitoids, negative feature considered agent. Five larval have narrow classical programs areas invasion. Six Trichogrammatidae are commercially used various countries; those, minutum pretiosum moderately generalist, being able exploit several hosts. Apart from Apanteles gelechiidivoris Pseudapanteles dignus, native been subject field studies presented here provides useful insights identifying that deserve further evaluation agents through augmentative conservation strategies South America, well potential continents.