Evaluation and Medical Management of Kidney Stones

摘要: Urolithiasis is extremely common in Western societies, developing up to 10% of men and 3% women during their lifetimes (1,2). The majority stones (70–80%) are composed calcium oxalate, either alone or admixed with phosphate (3). In many but not all individuals, the formation oxalate associated one more urinary risk factors that include low urine volume, pH, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria. Calcium also a constituent stones, present some extent 80% (4). However, less than 20% half phosphate, pure rare, often seen association disorders acidification. Another uric acid, without concurrent history gout, mixture acid oxalate. A similar percentage (10%) struvite, which develops tract infection caused by urease producing organisms, most Proteus species. Cystine comprise remainder, probably no 1%, arise only patients autosomalrecessive disorder cystinuria.