The somatostatin neuroendocrine system: physiology and clinical relevance in gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders

摘要: Somatostatin is produced in enteroendocrine D cells and intrinsic neurons of the stomach, intestines pancreas. Its physiologic actions are mediated primarily by somatostatin receptors type 2 5, include inhibition secretion most endocrine exocrine factors. Diseases directly attributable to excess or deficiency rare, although there a complex pathogenic relationship between persistent Helicobacter pylori infection reduced chronic gastritis. Abundant on many neoplastic inflammatory basis for sensitive vivo imaging with radiolabeled analogs provide therapeutic target. Current indications therapy hormone-expressing neuroendocrine tumors, intractable diarrhea variceal bleeding secondary portal hypertension. Exciting advances being made development high-affinity nonpeptide receptor-subtype selectivity increased bioavailability. coupled high-energy radionuclides show promise as novel cytotoxic agents certain metastatic tumors.