Quality and safety assessment of raw bovine milk in Herat province, Afghanistan

摘要: Milk and various value-added dairy products are popular throughout Afghanistan. Over the past 10 years, several aid governmental agencies have made concerted efforts to increase Afghan production. At same time, there has been visible growth in small milk shops urban peri-urban areas. These provide fluid consumers local economy. The quality consistency of dependent on used as raw material. Here, we conducted a assessment sold open markets (bazars) well through shops. Each sample (n = 100) was analyzed for fat, protein, carbohydrate percentages, total bacterial concentrations, coliform adulterations including added water, starch, antibiotic residues. Only 34.4% all samples contained 100 CFU coliforms/ml. purchased from statistically more expensive, but bazars frequently irregularities such low-fat or high water percentages. Many issues, found were likely related hygiene sanitation practices at different points along entire production chain. Decreasing overall concentrations could extend shelf life, improve fermented reduce waste due unmarketable unusable milk.