Monitoring volcanoes:a review

摘要: Minimising risk in volcanic regions involves a number of inter-related studies. The collection historical data on previous eruptions is the first step, followed by detailed mapping around volcano. resulting hazard map can be used during crises to minimise casualties. range tools currently deployed volcanoes include seismometers, gas monitoring equipment, ground deformation equipment including differential GPS, borehole strainmeters, thermal imaging cameras, micro-gravimeters, magnetometers, laser scanners, radar scanners and magnetotelluric create sub-volcanic images based electrical conductivity. Satellites are also becoming more important, new techniques involving solid state sensors may have significant role play future. Case studies confirm usefulness each these techniques, though, even well-monitored volcanoes, some take place without detectable precursors. To possibility unexpected future will require both increased instrumentation application methodologies such as advanced neural networks expert solicitation.