Vertical transmission of naturally occurring Bunyamwera and insect-specific flavivirus infections in mosquitoes from islands and mainland shores of Lakes Victoria and Baringo in Kenya

摘要: Background Many arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes have been implicated as causative agents of both human and animal illnesses in East Africa. Although epidemics arboviral emerging infectious diseases risen frequency recent years, the extent to which maintain pathogens circulation during inter-epidemic periods is still poorly understood. This study aimed investigate whether may be maintained vertical transmission via immature life stages different mosquito vector species. Methodology We collected (egg, larva, pupa) on shores islands Lake Baringo Victoria western Kenya reared them adults. Mosquito pools (≤25 specimens/pool) each species were screened for mosquito-borne viruses high-resolution melting analysis sequencing multiplex PCR products genus-specific primers (alphaviruses, flaviviruses, phleboviruses Bunyamwera-group orthobunyaviruses). We further confirmed positive samples culturing baby hamster kidney Aedes cell lines re-sequencing. Principal findings Culex univittatus (2/31pools) Anopheles gambiae (1/77 pools) from region Bunyamwera virus, a pathogenic virus that public health concern. In addition, aegypti (3/50), luteocephalus (3/13), spp. (2/15), Culex pipiens (1/140) flaviviruses at Victoria, whereas Baringo, three An. flavivirus. These insect-specific (ISFVs), are presumably non-pathogenic vertebrates, found known medically important arbovirus malaria vectors. Conclusions Our results suggest not only ISFVs, but also arbovirus, naturally within populations transmission, even absence vertebrate hosts. Therefore, surveillance, inter-epidemics, vector-arbovirus-ISFV interactions, aid identifying risks, with potential inform control strategies lead disease prevention.