Tumor Angiogenesis and Novel Vascular Endothelial Receptor (VEGFR)-Specific Small Molecule Inhibitors

摘要: The knowledge related to angiogenesis has grown exponentially over the past few decades with recognition that is essential for numerous normal and pathological processes. Very importantly, required growth metastasis of solid tumors in human beyond size 1–2 mm³ (Arap et al. 1998; Folkman 1990, 1995). Angiogenesis process developing buds outgrowth capillaries from existing blood vessels are derived as extensions due hypoxia or other forms signaling occurs microenvironment surrounds a tissue tumors. On hand neovascularization defined formation functional microvascular network red cell perfusion. invasive tumor therefore constitutes an important step control cancer progression. In general vascular severely restricted their potential because lack supply. To achieve new vessel formation, endothelial cells must first escape stable location by breaking through basement membrane, this degradation associated migration out channel toward angiogenic stimulus. During process, subendothelial dense meshwork collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans proteolytically disrupted allow capillaries. Though it integral component processes such reproduction wound healing, known play role ranging inflammation ocular diseases. exploit releasing cytokines factors activate normal, quiescent around them initiate cascade events quickly becomes dysregulated. For example, cell-released factor (VEGF) stimulates sprouting proliferation thereby crucial (Leung 1989). expression VEGF been shown correlate density microvessels various exhibit higher metastatic ability (Folkman 1995; Leung 1989; Toi 1994). Therefore, inhibition triggered accepted valuable approach therapy.