Insights Into Auditory Cortex Dynamics From Non-invasive Brain Stimulation

摘要: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely used as a research tool to modulate cortical excitability of motor well non-motor areas, including auditory or language-related areas. NIBS, especially transcranial magnetic (TMS) and direct current stimulation, have also in clinical settings, with however variable therapeutic outcome, highlighting the need better understand mechanisms underlying NIBS techniques. TMS was initially address causality between specific areas related behavior, such language production, providing non-invasive alternatives lesion studies. Recent literature suggests that relationship is not straightforward originally thought, can show both linear non-linear modulation responses, complex network dynamics. In particular, last decade, studies enabled further advances our understanding processing its functional organization. For instance, showed even when only one cortex stimulated unilaterally, bilateral may result, thereby influence connectivity cortices. Additional neuromodulation techniques alternating random noise target frequency-specific neural oscillations cortex, insight into functions. All these offer different perspectives function organization cortex. However, should be carried out assess mode action long-term effects optimize their use settings.