Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study.

摘要: Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)). This is first national-level study investigate these risks Canada. The authors investigated association between ambient PM2.5 and cardiovascular nonimmigrant Canadian adults. They assigned estimates derived from satellite observations a 2.1 million adults who 1991 were among 20% population mandated provide detailed census data. identified deaths occurring 2001 through record linkage. calculated hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for available individual-level contextual covariates using both standard Cox proportional survival models nested, spatial random-effects models. Using models, they HRs 1.15 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.16) nonaccidental causes 1.31 1.27, 1.35) ischemic heart disease each 10-µg/m3 increase concentrations PM2.5. controlling same variables, 1.10 1.05, 1.15) 1.30 1.18, 1.43), respectively. We found similar associations based on satellite-derived ground-based measurements subanalysis subjects 11 cities. In this large national Canadians, was Associations observed exposures at that predominantly lower (mean, 8.7 µg/m3; interquartile range, 6.2 µg/m3) than those reported previously.