Heart failure : scientific principles and clinical practice

摘要: Introduction: Heart Failure as a Public Problem SECTION 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of the MYOCARDIUM: Cellular Physiology Myocyte Contraction. Cardiac Interstitium. Biological Determinents Myocardial Function. and Molecular Biology Myocardium, Growth & Hypertrophy. Genetics Cardiomyopathies. ATP Synthesis in Normal Failing Heart. Mechanics. Remodelling, Hibernation Stunning. Neurohormonal Receptors II CIRCULATION: Humoral Control Kidney During Congestive Failure: Role Natriuretic Peptides Angiotensin II. Pathogenesis Salt Water Retention Syndrome. Endothelial Factors. Regional Vascular Control. Sympathetic Nervous System. Vasoactive Hormone Systems. Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities. Involvement Lungs. Syndrome Cachexia. III CLINICAL ASPECTS HEART FAILURE: History, Definition Classification Failures. Epidemiology United States. Europe . Chronic Origin Symptoms. Valvular Disease. Hypertension Diastolic Failure. Pregnancy. Hyperactive Cardiomyopathy. Dilated Cardiomyopathies Specific Diseases IV DIAGNOSIS, EVALUATION PROGNOSIS: Prognostic Roleof Exercise Testing. Echocardiography Diagnosis Treatment Radionuclide Methods. Endomyocardial Biopsy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomogrpahy Positron Emission Tomography. V THERAPY: Acute Ischemic Management. Pediatric Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, And Treatment. Elderly Patients: Focus on Dysfunction. Large Trials an D Meta-Analysis. Nonpharmacologic Interventions. Diuretic Therapy. Glycosides