Error Structure of Multiparameter Radar and Surface Measurements of Rainfall. Part III: Specific Differential Phase

摘要: Abstract Parts I and II of this three part paper dealt with the error structure differential reflectivity X-band specific attenuation in rainfall as estimated by radar surface disdrometers. In Part III we focus on phase (KDP, °km−1) measurement rainfall. This allows us to analyze estimators rate, first based factor ZH, second combining ZDR, [R(ZH, ZDR)], third KDP alone, R(KDP). Simulations are used model random errors ZDR KDP. Physical variations raindrop size distribution (RSD) modeled varying gamma parameters (N0, D0, m) over a range typically found natural Thus, our simulations incorporate physical fluctuations onto which have been superimposed. Radar-derived estimates R(ZH, ZDR) R(KDP) intercompared using data obtained convective NSS...