Behavioural reactions of wintering humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to biopsy sampling in the western South Atlantic

摘要: Molecular analysis has become a powerful tool in cetacean ecology since it supports efficient conservation policies. Remote biopsy sampling is the most method to obtain epithelial material for purposes; however, as an intrusive technique presents inherent costs, evidenced by behavioural reactions. Clarifying which factors influence these responses essential assess its impact and prevent possible long-term effects. For eleven winters, samples from humpback whales were collected Abrolhos Bank, main breeding ground of this species western South Atlantic. We analysed several characteristics shot, vessels, groups behaviour on frequency intensity whales' response. The majority biopsied did not show any detectable Among those that responded, low-level category reaction was frequent. use larger boats resulted less intense responses. Responses influenced group size state: large groups, involved aggressive mating behaviour, reacted frequently than smaller groups. Females with calves showed reactions non-lactating females. animals prior during boat approach also affected their response: resting responded more intensely social or travel activities. Comparison previous studies confirmed vary according location: feeding grounds grounds, turn migration. This study reinforces existing evidence unlikely have effects can thus continue be used one tools access information vital conservation.