Following the Water: Characterising de facto Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Netherlands

摘要: De facto (or indirect) wastewater reuse is the practice of extracting from surface water bodies which are impacted by treated (TWW) for anthropogenic use. The extent to in Netherlands TWW poorly understood, and distribution de even more so. This study addresses these knowledge gaps, with a focus on agricultural irrigation. achieved via novel application Water Framework Directive (WFD) Explorer quality model, allowing different flow components—namely transboundary rivers—to be discerned national network. When paired data extractions irrigation, this identifies notable areas reuse. Results show that during dry conditions, significant component many bodies, particularly smaller streams located close WWTPs. indicated as widespread, several key identified bodies. represents first attempt directly link emissions highlighting mechanism wastewater-associated contaminants can propagate through hydrological system.