Molecular Forms of Prostate-Specific Antigen for Prostate Cancer Detection

摘要: Prostate cancer has become the most common neoplasm in men and second leading cause of death [28,29,67]. Attempts to reduce mortality have mainly focused on early detection this disease. Since its discovery 1979, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) unequivocally proved usefulness as a serum marker for prostate cancer. However, patients with PSA below 10 ng/ml an important overlap exists between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Indeed, is not specific develops at age when prevalence BPH high. Previous reports indicate that two-thirds who undergo biopsies based 4–10 no histological evidence [10]. Largely because large number false positives, several concepts been introduced, all aiming optimize clinical use by improving sensitivity specificity trying decrease unnecessary These include density (relating volume prostate), velocity (evaluating rate change values time), age-adjusted reference ranges (adjusting level patient age), determination molecular forms (free versus protein-bound PSA).