Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Electric Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Evaluation of Electricity Sources
作者： Mattia Rapa , Laura Gobbi , Roberto Ruggieri
DOI: 10.3390/EN13236292
关键词: Biomass 、 Environmental science 、 Environmental economics 、 Carbon footprint 、 Electricity 、 Life-cycle assessment 、 Photovoltaic system 、 Hydropower 、 Greenhouse gas 、 Natural gas
摘要: The electro-mobility of vehicles could solve the negative effects road transport, by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. However, some electric also have a impact on environment related to nature electricity used. This paper aims evaluate sources for using Life Cycle Thinking approach. cycle assessment, several midpoints and endpoint methods, highlighted that most damaging were lignite diesel, while hydropower, wind, biomass sustainable ones. Cumulative energy demand showed used least (0.034 MJ eq.), but originates from 100% non-renewable sources. Lignite, which comes sources, (17.791 eq.). lowest carbon footprints biomass, photovoltaic ( 1.0 kg CO2 Considering life costing, generation was expensive (0.2107 USD/kWh) natural cheapest (0.0661 USD/kWh). Therefore, this study presents an integrated approach may offer valid tool decision-makers, giving them possibility choose vehicles.
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