Two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology for efficient removal of coliforms and human pathogens from domestic wastewater in rural areas under arid climate.

摘要: Abstract This paper investigates the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, coliforms and pathogens from rural domestic wastewater in a two-stage vertical flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) system. The effects quality, season arid climate conditions on pollutants by system were examined for one year. experimental setup included two similar MSL systems composed layers: soil-mixture-layers (SML) gravel permeable layers (PL) that are arranged brick like pattern. applied hydraulic loading rate was 1000 L m −2  day −1 . Results showed most physicochemical contaminants elimination occurred while percolated through first stage. second stage demonstrated an improvement reduction all pollutants, especially fecal bacteria indicators pathogens. mean overall rates performed 97% TSS, 96% BOD 5 , 91% COD, TN 95% TP. For bacterial indicators, combination achieved high log removals between 2.21 3.15 units. Contaminants processes technology more dependent internal than external environmental factors. effectiveness to treat strongly influenced quality. Significant relationships influent level their found. reduce is not sensitive air temperature fluctuations. due capacity materials withstand variation, which highlights advantages MSL’s technology. Wastewater quality important factor affecting MSL, could be critical parameter considered when designing Two-stage treated amenable reuse agriculture recommended Moroccan code practice. Therefore, efficient promising treatment solution countries promote protection reuse.