Understanding insect life histories and senescence through a resource allocation lens.

摘要: Summary 1Resource acquisition and allocation are the physiological mechanisms integrating foraging life-history traits. An understanding of patterns in different environments organisms is critical to a predictive theory life history. 2Here I develop an framework, which provides template for conceptualizing interactions among resource acquisition, The framework describes process through food taken by organism at specific stages, then allocated growth, survival (including maintenance, defence, dispersal, etc), reproduction further foraging. 3I use examine traits insects under both benign stressful environments. Stressful result from scarcity or harsh environmental conditions. consider effects consistent stress variable across time. 4Several broad generalizations emerge empirical studies, viewed framework. First, congruence, requirement nutrient ratios in, example, eggs, results limiting nutrients each trait. Second, timing affects identity given Third, trade-offs may occur across, not just within, stages. Fourth, apparent be driven differences congruence constraints deleterious excess on particular Fifth, response shows age-specific sex-specific patterns. Sixth, often more pronounced stress. Finally, even within insects, there considerable variability We do yet have sufficiently diverse thorough case studies understand why this so. Studies wild, relating laboratory conditions wild environments, also needed. 5Senescence can understood present approach necessary functional basis senescence environments. 6The fosters mechanistic patterns, beginning processes underlying those