Generation of processed pseudogenes in murine cells.

摘要: Abstract Using as a reporter gene non-coding proviral structure marked with an intron-containing indicator, we demonstrate the de novo formation, via retrotransposition pathway, of canonical processed pseudogenes in cultured mammalian cells. Their structural features include endings corresponding to start and termination RNA intermediate, intron loss, acquisition 3' poly(A) tail, target site duplications variable length. The absence extracellular intermediates for these processes, elimination during sequences essential cis retroviral cycle, further suggest that endogenous retroviruses or related elements are not involved. Pseudogene formation frequency is markedly increased (up 10-fold) by several treatments including treatment 5-azacytidine tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, serum starvation, which do act at transcription level, but rather on genes--including LINE elements--necessarily involved trans-complementation retrotransposition.