Stress, adaptation, and speciation in the evolution of the blind mole rat, Spalax, in Israel.

摘要: Abstract Environmental stress played a major role in the evolution of blind mole rat superspecies Spalax ehrenbergi , affecting its adaptive and ecological speciation underground. is safeguarded all life underground from aboveground climatic fluctuations predators. However, it encounters multiple stresses burrows including darkness energetics hypoxia hypercapnia food scarcity pathogenicity . Consequently, evolved genomic proteomic phenomic complexes to cope with those stresses. Here I describe some these complexes, their theoretical applied perspectives. mosaic molecular organismal involves reductions or regressions coupled expansions progressions caused by evolutionary tinkering natural genetic engineering Speciation Israel occurred Pleistocene, during last 2.00–2.35 Mya, generating four species associated intimately regimes increasing aridity southwards eastwards representing an speciational trend: ( golani 2 n  = 54 →  S. galili  = 52 →  carmeli  = 58 →  judaei  = 60). Darwinian gradually relatively little change Robertsonian chromosomal genic mutations. genome sequencing has just been completed. It model few hundred mammals. great promise future for medicine, space flight, deep-sea diving.