CREEPING COMPETENCE: THE EXPANDING AGENDA OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

摘要: The article attempts to explain the expansion of European Community (EC) policy agenda new areas such as environment, regional development and research technological development, variations in from one area another. Lowi's classification types - regulatory, redistributive distributive is adapted for use EC context. Each type, it argued, deals with a distinct arena featuring different actors, institutional decision rules, Council bargaining, each therefore corresponds distinctive pattern task expansion. Thus, regulatory policies can be explained terms functional spillover Internal Market, while understood side-payments larger intergovernmental bargains, are result Commission's entrepreneurship log-rolling bargaining. These three patterns .are examined an empirical study across six areas. At its founding, Economic had no environment policy, consumer protection education cultural technology confined largely nuclear research. Today, less than four decades latei, pursues all these Yet wildly diverse, have evolved very ways. Environment polices, example, developed incrementally since early 1970s, composed almost entirely Regulations Directives regulating activity private actors. By contrast, has engaged only minimal regulation spending tens billions ECU this area. Technology, policies, finally, characterized by smattering adopted over past two decades, well