Biofilm formation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

摘要: Biofilm‐grown bacteria are refractory to antimicrobial agents and show an increased capacity evade the host immune system. In recent years, studies have begun on biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae, important human pathogen, using a variety of in vitro model systems. The bacterial cells these biofilms held together extracellular matrix composed DNA, proteins and, possibly, polysaccharide(s). Although neither precise nature nor composition putative polysaccharide(s) is clear, it known that choline‐binding required for successful formation. Further, many genes appear be involved, although role each appears vary when produced batch or continuous culture. Prophylactic therapeutic measures need developed fight S. pneumoniae However, much care needs taken choosing strains such because different isolates can remarkable genomic differences. Multispecies vivo models must also provide more complete understanding maintenance.