Estradiol, a key endocrine signal in the sexual differentiation and activation of reproductive behavior in quail.

摘要: In Japanese quail, estrogen's effects on sexual behavior can be divided into three classes based the underlying mechanisms and time-course of action release. During embryonic life, ovary secretes large amounts estrogens. contrast to what is observed in mammals where differentiation essentially proceeds via masculinization males, females are demasculinized by their endogenous ovarian estrogens, an effect that blocked injection aromatase inhibitor mimicked male embryos estradiol. adulthood, testosterone secreted testes converted estrogens preoptic aromatase. Locally produced activate largely through activation estrogen receptors resulting transcription a variety genes, including brain (genomic effect). Both changes production within latencies ranging from few hours days, completely reversible. Additionally, activity modulated minutes calcium-dependent phosphorylations, triggered variations glutamatergic neurotransmission. These rapid affect with relatively short (10-15 min) expression quail also mice. Overall, thus categorized classes: organizational (irreversible genomic during ontogeny), activational (reversible adulthood) nongenomic effects. Rapid slower match well two modes provide temporal estrogens' bioavailability should able support entire range established for this steroid.