Nonlinear Material Behavior of the Bridge Components

摘要: Chapter 1 has provided a brief background on steel and steel-concrete composite bridges reviewed recent developments reported in the literature related to design finite element modeling of bridges. This chapter highlights nonlinear material behavior main components bridges, comprising structural steel, concrete, reinforcement bars, shear connectors, bolts, welds. Overall, this aims provide useful regarding stress-strain curves different materials used Also, highlight important parameters required for modeling. The definitions yield stresses, ultimate maximum strains at failure, initial stiffness, proportional limit stresses are presented chapter. enables beginners understand fundamental order correctly insert them analyses. Covering connectors is also how forces transmitted slab interfaces In addition, properties joints such as bolts highlighted Furthermore, presents treated current codes practice values specified practice. paves way Chapters 3 4 , which address stability issues It should be noted that bridge components, steels, building constructions. However, when presenting component chapter, it As an example, steels generally have more rigid performance requirements compared with buildings. Bridge perform outdoor environment relatively large temperature changes, subjected excessive cyclic live loading, often exposed corrosive environments. meet strength ductility all applications. adequate service respect additional fatigue fracture state. They enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance many applications where they normal protective coatings. For these reasons, toughness exceed general author acts basis designing