The ectoparasitic pupal parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), attacks other primary tephritid fruit fly parasitoids: host expansion and potential non-target impact

摘要: Abstract Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani is an ectoparasitic idiobiont parasitoid attacking puparia of many cyclorrhaphous Diptera. This study investigated its potential impact as a facultative hyperparasitoid four other primary tephritid fruit fly parasitoids in Hawaii, Fopius arisanus (Sonan), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), kraussii Fullaway, and Psyttalia concolor (Szepligeti). F. attacks host eggs while the latter three species attack larvae, they all emerge adults from puparia. P. successfully developed previously parasitized by parasitoids. There were no significant differences developmental time or body size reared these secondary species. However, hosts smaller than those Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) latifrons (Hendel); larger Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. Female faster on D. but slower Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) hosts. did not prefer to unparasitized rather , there was difference offspring survival sex ratio between wasps Among distinctly different species, B. C. preferred smallest ( ), invested more female largest ). adult emergence rate lower two The flexible growth less discriminative nature indicate that it has for range expansion thus non-target beneficial