XXXtortion?: inferring registration intent in the .XXX TLD

摘要: After a decade-long approval process, multiple rejections, and an independent review, ICANN approved the xxx TLD for inclusion in Domain Name System, to begin general availability on December 6, 2011. Its sponsoring registry proposed it as expansion of name space, well way separate adult from child-appropriate content. Many groups, including trademark holders, political entertainment industry itself, were concerned that would primarily generate value through defensive speculative registrations, without actually serving real need. This paper measures validity these concerns using data gathered ICANN, whois, Web requests. We use this information characterize each domain infer registrant's most likely intent. find at 3.8% domains host or redirect potentially legitimate content, with rest generally either purposes. Indeed, registrants spent roughly $13M up front defend existing brands trademarks within TLD, additional $11M over course first year. Additional evidence suggests 80% annual registrations are purely purposes do not even resolve.