Entry Points for Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Small-Scale Dairy Farms: Looking Beyond Milk Yield Increase

摘要: Increasing milk yield per cow is considered a promising climate change mitigation strategy for small-scale dairy farms in developing countries. As it can be difficult to increase productivity, options beyond this production need identified. The aim of study was identify entry points GHG emissions Lembang Sub-district, West Java, Indonesia. Data on herd composition, feeding and manure management were collected survey 300 randomly selected farms. Characteristics with the 25% lowest (<3291 kg milk/cow/y), medium 50% (3291-4975 highest yields (≥4976 milk/cow/y) compared. Life cycle assessment then performed estimate cradle-to-farm gate emission intensity (EI) relationship between EI all modeled an below above their predicted compared (‘low’ ‘high’ farms). Results showed that explained 57% variance among Farms high more often specialized farms, fed tofu waste compound feed, had higher feed costs than low (P<0.05). also applied less farm land Low fewer cows, rice straw, cassava waste, concentrate (particularly type concentrates consisting largely by-products from milling industries) In addition, discharged manure, stored solid used anaerobic digestion followed by daily spreading, N farmland Some associations affected confounding factors. Farm factors associated residual variation potential mitigation. Feeding straw discharging however, unsuitable strategies because expected trade-offs other environmental issues or negative impacts food-feed competition.