The effect of land based seal watching tourism on the haul-out behaviour of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Iceland
作者： Sandra Magdalena Granquist , Hrefna Sigurjonsdottir
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2014.04.004
关键词: Seal (emblem) 、 Geography 、 Land based 、 Fishery 、 Ecology 、 Tourism 、 Wildlife tourism 、 Harbour 、 Phoca 、 Animal ecology 、 Vigilance (behavioural ecology)
摘要: Abstract The effect of land-based seal watching on the haul-out pattern harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) was investigated between June and August 2008–2010 Vatnsnes, NW Iceland. results showed that behaviour spatial affected by tourists. In 2009 were more likely to be vigilant during periods when tourists had access area, compared a period not allowed in area. Also, 2010 likeliness being increased as number area increased. addition, behaved an active way. During post weaning period, which coincided with peak tourist season, significantly higher proportion hauled out skerry located farthest away from land, closer land. Seals also preferred haul further land Single couples passively families groups than two adults. All group types approaching zone zone. Education tourists, for example through code conduct built these results, is advisable minimise disturbance
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